Pdf chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Lectures open course ware of department of civil and. The rectangle is the simplest fig that can be plotted from the lengths of its sided. Separate chapters have been written on underground surveys and computer programs in surveying to incorporate the recent developments in this field. Chain surveying is suitable for the following cases. In this case ad is the longest and a chain line running from a to d is laid. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements.
Basic surveying theory and practice for performing certain mathematical operations with angles, it is sometimes easier to convert to decimal degrees first, perform the necessary math, then convert back to degrees, minutes, and seconds. Trimble navigation limited is committed to excellence in product training services. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of plats and surveys maryland state highway administration revised and edited november,2001. Io order to make these visible at a distance, they are painted alternately black and white, or red. The uses, principles, classifications, and types of surveying. Chain surveying is best used for smaller planes with few details. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing and. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. Point a is the starting point of chain line chainage of point v, b, d are measured from point a. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. The length of chain is the distance between the outside of handles. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of. This page provides very important 423 top surveying and leveling mcqs in pdf format.
The distinction between functions is which two sides are compared in the ratio. One common quote is that surveying is the heart of civil engineering. Mar, 2018 chain surveying with all equipment chain,arrow,pegs,ranging rod,offset rod duration. In this method thelengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured byoffsets and ties from these lines. Chains or tapes are used to measure distances on the field. Indeed, geometry itself, as its name landmeasuring.
Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by a straightening the links. Categories surveying tags arrows, arrows used in chain surveying, chain, chain survey, chain surveying, field work in chain survey, guide to chain surveying, guide to surveying and levelling, instruments used in chain survey, iron pegs, marking stations, ranging rods, reconnaissance survey, surveying in civil engineering, tape, wooden pegs in. Since the accuracy of the whole survey work depends upon the accuracy of the base line, it should be laid off on the ground level as much as possible. Jun 16, 2015 chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. In chain surveying only linear measurements are made i. Oct 08, 2014 download fundamentals of surveying by s. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil engineering. Chain surveying only linear measurements are taken with a chain of tape.
Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Value chain analysis surveying drone industry insights. Read online surveying i unit i indroduction and chain surveying 1. Scope of manual this manual, in general, covers divisionwide surveying policies and procedures and appropriate reference material. The ranging rods are used for marking the positions of stations conspicuously and for ranging the lines. Surveying ace academy gate study material pdf from civilenggforall exclusive for the students and aspirants preparing for gate on self. If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by a straightening the links b removing one or more small circular rings c closing the joints of the rings if opened out. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. Chain used for chain surveying each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain.
Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol. Surveying practical chain surveying 1 how does land surveying work. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing and advantages chains are the measuring instrument used in surveying formed by the 100 links of 4mm galvanized mild steel wire. Table of contents page 100 general 101 introduction a. The process of measuring the distance with a chain or tape. Traditional materials mortarsconcrete miscellaneous building materials building planning foundations super structures dampness and its prevention cost effective construction techniques introduction to surveying linear measurements and chain surveying compass surveying plane table. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying can be divided into two main categories. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their selection. It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines. Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such. Chain survey is suitable when area to be surveyed is comparatively small and the ground is fairly level. This article includes the definition of chain survey along with all detailed.
Civil engineering surveying important mcq pdf all exam. These links are joined by 3 circular or oval wire rings. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Overview of plane surveying chain, compass and plane table, objectives, principles, and classifications.
Nor is it a substitute for surveying knowledge, experience or judgment. This is the simple method of taking the linear measurement using a chain or tape with no angular measurements made. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil. Feb 11, 2017 the chain survey is preferred when the ground is nearly flat and open and also when the area to be surveyed is smaller. Each topic introduced is thoroughly described, the theory is rigorously developed, and a large number of numerical. Transit surveying by international correspondence schools. Characteristics of contours, contour interval, contour gradient, methods of locating contours, uses of contour maps. The main principle of chain surveying or chain triangulation is to provide a framework consist of number of wellconditioned triangles or nearly equilateral triangles. Gunters chain also known as gunters measurement is a distance measuring device used for surveying. Elements of plane table survey working operations, methods of plane table survey. Instruments used in chain survey chain, 20m or 30m long tape arrows ranging rods wooden or iron pegs plumb bob cross staff chain used for surveying 20m chain 100 links 30m chain 150 links 1 links 20cm links of chain are made by mild steel wire 4mm diameter. Chain definition is a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes such as support, restraint, transmission of mechanical power, or measurement. Although they are constructed for rugged field conditions, the mechanical components and electronics of precision instruments can be damaged by careless acts or inattention to the procedures for use, care and adjustment of the instruments.
Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing. Chain surveying, principle of chain surveying, surveying stations, base line, check line. The chain is a unit of length equal to 66 feet 22 yards. Method of setting offset to the chain line chain surveying principles have so far been applied to areas of land with straight boundaries. The first volume focuses on both the theoretical concepts and their practical applications. To download the complete pdf study materials or chapter wise notes of surveying pdf notes, click on the below links respectively. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. Surveying civil engineering ace engineering academy gate 2015 material free download pdf. Ranging rods are used to range some intermediate points in the survey line the length of the ranging rod is either 2m or 3m. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. In chain surveying, the positions of main stations and directions of main survey lines are fixed by tie lines and check lines. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring. Teacher notes and instructions for chain surveying activity.
In this page we have shared the important basic civil engineering ebook pdf. No horizontal angle need to be measured because the lengths of the sides are sufficient to permit both the horizontal angles and the positions of the stations to be computed. With detailed knowledge of the construction, building and mining industries, our surveyors are able to draw upon a large base of experience to meet specific challenges. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. A primer on one of the most important companions to civil engineering. Chain surveys require a chain, tape, ranging rods, arrows and a timecross staff. Basic surveying theory and practice definition of trigonometric functions all trigonometric functions are simply ratios of one side of a right triangle to a second side of the same triangle, or one side over another side. Field work in chain survey surveying in civil engineering. Chain tape surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. D egreesminutesseconds d ecimal degrees 1 0 2 3 12 1 8 1 1 4 2. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. A brief history of surveying tools in north america by jon dotson old world auctions the need for land surveys dates back to ancient times. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images.
The first volume covers in 24 chapters, the most common surveying operations. The report value chain analysis for uavbased surveying is represents the essence of what you need to know if you consider using drone technology. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. By extension, chainage running distance is the distance along a curved or straight survey line from a fixed commencing point, as given by an odometer. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download. Levelling in engineering survey types, methods, procedures. This volume is one of the two which offer a comprehensive course in those parts of theory and practice of plane and geodetic surveying that are most commonly used by civil engineers.
Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. Whether you want to buy this service from a professional drone operator or start it yourself the report provides all aspects for waterproof decisionmaking. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. If the curve deflects to the right of the directionof the progress of. This is most suitably adapted to small plane areas with very few details. For less precise works chain is used whereas, for more accurate and precise work other types of surveys are used. Surveying lecture notes pdf difference between dumpy level and auto level. Technical terms used in chain surveying survey stations these are important point fixed on ground indicating the starting point and the end point of the survey line.
The process of measuring the lateral distance of the object from the survey. In order to determine the actual distance between points, how should the correction be applied. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. Click on either the linkbutton below to get the pdf file and read offline.
Pdf key points on chain surveying araen shinge academia. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. According to william gillespies treatise on landsurveying, it is perhaps the oldest of the mathematical arts. Chain surveying the arrangement of triangles to be adopted in the field depends on the shape, topography and the natural or artificial obstacles met with. Chain survey can also be used when the area is open and details to be filled up are simple and less. Before any engineering work can be started we must prepare a plan or map of the area showing topographical details.
According to william gillespies treatise on land surveying, it is perhaps the oldest of the mathematical arts. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Traditional materials mortarsconcrete miscellaneous building materials building planning foundations super structures dampness and its prevention cost effective construction techniques introduction to surveying linear measurements and chain surveying.
A field engineer has measured the distance between column lines with a chain which is later discovered to be too short. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments. Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Theory 1 descesc beribe ttehe ppoceduerocedure of settsett ging out of sspeimple. Surveying multiple choice questions and answers pdf free download for freshers civil engineering students. Surveying notes pdf file smartzworld pdf survey notes for sc st youth training in hindi plane table survey plane table surveying with methods and examples plane table survey plane table surveying meaning advantages and disadvantages. This civil engineering mcqs will be very useful for all kind of examinations. This activity requires a minimum of four children in the active roles but works with groups of eight to. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Determination of two inaccessible points with compass. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by english clergyman and mathematician edmund gunter 15811626. Hence chain surveying is some times called chain triangulation. The surveying solution technique of measuring only the side of triangle is called triplication. A leading manufacturer of accessories for land surveying, global positioning system, construction, monitoring and agriculture equipment, seco engineers products to make professional field.
Sep 03, 2019 in this page we have shared the important basic civil engineering ebook pdf. It is the most important line, fixes up the directions of all other lines. There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. Offsets to corner points b, c, e and f are now laid from the chain line ad either by tape or crossstaff and their foot of offsets are g, i, j, h respectively. Based on this, the principle of chain surveying is to divide the area to be surveyed into a network of connected triangles. A brief history of surveying tools in north america. Surveying instruments are designed and constructed to provide years of reliable use. Construction surveying and layout, 3rd edition chapter chain corrections questions and problems 1. A practical project is used in an engineering surveying course to expose sophomore and junior civil engineering students to several important issues related to the use of basic principles of land. The chain survey is preferred when the ground is nearly flat and open and also when the area to be surveyed is smaller. American society of mechanical engineers united states naval institute second edition new york chicago san francisco lisbon london madrid mexico city. Taking this quote in to consideration the book on engineering surveying is being written with in depth full knowledge of surveying including leveling, plane table survey, traversing, triangulation etc.
Surveying lab manual pdf surveying 1 lab manual pdf. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. It enabled plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes. Type of surveying is suitable for surveys of small extent on open ground to secure data for exact description of the boundaries of a piece of land or to take sample detail. Ground fairly level and open with simple details 2. The longest chain line in chain surveying is often called the base line. The length of a chain is measured from a centre of one handle to centre of other handle b outside of one handle to outside of other handle c outside of one handle to inside of other handle d inside of one handle to inside of other handle ans.